Eco-driving: the role of feedback in reducing emissions from everyday driving behaviours

Eco-driving has been proposed as an approach to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions arising from personal automobile use. Eco-driving is the adoption of a measured driving style, minimising unnecessary breaking and aggressive acceleration. Eco-driving can be seen as a low cost and immediate approach to emission reduction as it involves the modification of drivers’ behaviours as opposed to the development and implementation of newer, more efficient technology. Despite the proposed benefits of eco-driving, numerous challenges are faced in order to encourage the adoption of these behaviours and maintain them long term. This narrative review presents the concept of eco-driving, with a focus on the long-term maintenance of these behaviours, including training programmes and feedback devices. It is clear within current literature that, despite the economic and environmental benefits of adopting eco-driving, drivers require feedback on their actions in order to promote long-term, behavioural, change.     

The Art of Masonry

Brick masonry is not only a question of building physics, building construction and durability, i.e. sustainability, but has much to do with aesthetics and making sense, which may have been forgotten in modern architecture with its absolute lack of décor. Masonry as an art form has been scarce since the era of brick expressionism. Recently, there have been some exceptions – and thoroughly welcome. The ”Fjordenhus“ in Vejle, Denmark, is an astonishing example.     

In‐plane shear damage behaviours of 2D needled C/SiC composites

Understanding the in‐plane shear behaviour of composites is essential to establish the design basis for practical applications. This study aims to investigate the shear damage behaviours of 2D needled C/SiC composites by various characterization techniques. The effect of layer arrangement on shear modulus and strength was discussed via shear stress‐strain responses. The shear strain field evolution and uniformity variation were studied by digital image correlation. It shows that the uniformity of shear strain field changes with the shear load, and the shear strain field evolution consist of 5 stages. The electrical resistivity measurement results indicate that structural deformation and damage evolution caused the electrical resistivity change. Furthermore, the damage evolution has a double effect on the electrical resistivity variation. The acoustic emission monitoring shows that the shear damage evolution is a 3‐stage nonlinear process before failure. The shear damages were categorized via acoustic characteristics. Besides, the postfailure behaviours were also discussed in this study.     

基于CSC方法的钢铁行业节能减排技术潜力分析

为了研究中国钢铁行业的节能减排潜力，以35项钢铁行业先进节能减排技术为研究对象，建立节能供应曲线(Conservation Supply Curve，简称CSC)模型，分析影响钢铁行业的节能减排收益、成本效益以及钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力因素。结果表明，这35项技术全部应用可实现3.01 GJ/t的节能量以及398.22 kg/t的CO2减排量。将结果与第十三个五年计划推广技术作对比，在当前情况下，约有50%的推广技术并不符合成本效益；运用CSC模型进行了钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力研究，得到各个工序的节能量和减排量，并据此分析了各项技术未来的发展趋势和应用前景。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定辛酸铑催化剂中铂钯铅铁铜铝镍

准确测定辛酸铑催化剂中杂质元素含量,是判定产品是否合格的重要指标之一。以往常采用直流电弧发射光谱法(摄谱法)进行检测,但测定周期长,且重复性较差。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定辛酸铑催化剂中微量杂质元素时,辛酸铑催化剂样品中含有的大量有机组分和铑基体会对测定有严重干扰。实验采用反复滴加硝酸消解样品中有机组分,再用王水溶解盐类,选用合适背景点扣除的方式消除铑基体的干扰,建立了使用ICP-AES测定辛酸铑催化剂中0.001%~0.1%(质量分数)Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni等7种微量杂质元素的方法。各元素在0.10~10.00μg/mL范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9999;方法检出限(μg/mL)为0.075(Pt)、0.0033(Pd)、0.015(Pb)、0.0036(Fe)、0.010(Cu)、0.001(Al)、0.012(Ni)。实验方法用于测定辛酸铑催化剂样品中Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni,结果的相对标准偏差为(RSD,n=7)为1.4%~9.6%。按照实验方法测定辛酸铑催化剂中Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni,并与直流电弧发射光谱法的测定结果进行比对,结果相一致。     

原位固氮剂在污泥堆肥过程中保氮机制

高温好氧堆肥技术虽然可有效处理有机固体废物，但常常会释放大量的氨气和造成氮素损失。本文以硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁+磷酸二氢钾（分别记为MgSO₄、KP和KPM处理组）为原位固氮剂，污泥和木屑为原料，进行高温好氧堆肥试验，研究以上原位固氮剂对污泥堆肥过程中的氨气挥发和氮素损失的影响。结果表明，硫酸镁（MgSO₄）对物料pH有显著的降低效应，添加硫酸镁使堆体高温期pH降低至8.17，低于硫酸镁+磷酸二氢钾（KPM）组（8.55）和对照（CK）组（8.90）。与CK相比，MgSO₄和KPM的NH₃累积释放量分别降低了34%和28%，反而KP组增加了35%。对比不同条件下XRD图谱可知，MgSO₄的固氮效应并不是由于MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O的生成，而是由于其对pH的降低效应造成的。堆肥结束后，除了KP组，各处理条件下的种子发芽率值（germination index，GI）均不会对后续使用带来不利影响。     

龙滩坝8#采场地压监测与结果分析

为掌握龙滩坝8#采场矿体在开采过程中地压的变化规律，在结合现场实际情况的同时，根据开挖揭露的地质条件，采用钻孔应力计、锚杆应力计、收敛计、多点位移计和声发射对采场矿柱、顶板及巷道变形情况进行监测，得到回采过程中矿柱、顶板、巷道的受力状况。掌握采场地压的变化规律，为矿体的开采设计提供参考。     

Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Aggregation Induced Emission

A promising path to cost-effective photovoltaic (PV) systems is sunlight concentration. Over classical non-imaging geometrical concentrators, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) possess several advantages: low cost and weight, elevated theoretical concentration factors and aptitude to efficiently working with diffuse light without tracking or cooling equipment. Although considerable progress has been made, current LSC-PV systems attain low power conversion efficiencies due to critical processes that hinder their ability to deliver light to PV cells including fluorescence quenching due to dye aggregation. To overcome this issue, fluorophores with aggregation induced emission (AIEgens) have been proposed thanks to their high Stokes shift and quantum yield in the solid state. In this review, the current state of knowledge concerning the preparation of LSCs based on AIEgens is summarized with special reference on the strategy adopted aimed at increasing the absorption bandwidth while maximizing the solar collection.